被动语态

• 语态：
  是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
  语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
  如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
  如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
  例：Danny’s head is stuck. 丹尼的头被粘住了。
• 被动语态的基本结构：
   主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
  ① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
  如：Trees are planted every year. 
  ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
  如：The road is being repaired.  
  ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
  如：The work has been finished. 
  ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
  如：The story was told by him. 
  Many birds were killed last year. 
  ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
  如：The new house was being painted when I got home. 
  ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
  如： He told me that the work had been finished. 
  ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
  如： The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 
  ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
  如：He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
  ⑨情态动词的被动语态
  情态动词+ be +过去分词     
  如：The problem must be solved soon.
  Children should be taught to love animals.

• 被动语态关注点：
  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 
  如：happen, break down, come out......
  　　What will happen in 100 years. 
  　　The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 
  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 
  如：write, sell, ride.....
  　　This pen writes well. 
  　　This new book sells well. 
  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。 
  例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something 
  　　see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something 
  　　A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 
  　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 
  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 
  　　He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 
  　　He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 
  　　My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 
  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 
  　　We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 
  　　He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 
  　　The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
  　　构成
  　　be+done.

• 主动句变为被动句4步骤：
  1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
  2、把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
  3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 
  4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
• 被动语态各时态构成表:
  

  TENSE	主动语态	被动语态
  一般现在时	be+V.\V.s	am\is\are+(p.p)
  一般将来时	will\begoingto\be(about)to+V.	willbe+(p.p)
  现在进行时	am\is\are+V.ing	am\is\are+being+(p.p)
  一般过去时	①was\were②V.ed	was\were+(p.p)
  现在完成时	have\has+V.p.p	have\has+been+(p.p)
  过去完成时	had+V.p.p	had+been+(p.p)
  过去进行时	was\were+V.ing	was\were+being+(p.p)
  情态动词	情态动词+V.	情态动词+be+(p.p)